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| Title: | Alobar holoprosencephaly, cebocephaly, and micropenis in a Klinefelter fetus of a diabetic mother |
| Authors: | Chih-Ping Chen;Tsung-Hsien Su;Schu-Rern Chern;Jun-Wei Su;Chen-Chi Lee;Wayseen Wang |
| Contributors: | 生醫所 |
| Date: | 2012-12-01 |
| Issue Date: | 2015-03-16 15:40:39 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | Objective: Coexistence of Klinefelter syndrome and holoprosencephaly (HPE) is rare. We report alobar HPE, cebocephaly, and micropenis in a Klinefelter fetus of a mother with type 2 diabetes mellitus with obesity and poor metabolic control.
Case Report: A 38-year-old woman was referred for therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus with poor glycemic control at 24 weeks of gestation. On examination, she had a body height of 162 cm and a body weight of 105 kg. She had been treated with oral medication for diabetes mellitus for 4 years with poor maternal metabolic control. She had prominent glucosuria and glycemia. Her hemoglobin A1c was 7.5% (normal range: 3.4–6.1%), and the fasting glucose level was 141 mg/mL (normal range: 70–99 mg/mL) during this visit. Her husband was 46 years old. Prenatal ultrasound revealed a singleton fetus with fetal biometry equivalent to 24 weeks, alobar HPE, cebocephaly, and micropenis. As a result of poor maternal heath and fetal anomaly, the parents elected to terminate the pregnancy, and a 986-g male fetus was delivered with hypotelorism, HPE, cebocephaly, micropenis, and cryptorchidism. Cytogenetic analysis of the cord blood revealed a karyotype of 47,XXY. The parental karyotypes were normal. Polymorphic DNA analysis revealed a paternal origin of the extra X chromosome. Molecular analysis of the HPE genes of SHH, ZIC2, SIX3, and TGIF revealed no mutations.
Conclusion: Prenatal diagnosis of HPE should include a biochemical examination to identify metabolic factors such as maternal diabetes, and preventive management should be considered in subsequent pregnancies to achieve good control of maternal diabetes. |
| Relation: | Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 51(4), 630-634. doi:10.1016/j.tjog.2012.09.021
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2012.09.021 |
| Appears in Collections: | [生物醫學研究所] 期刊論文
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